The Source For Renewables™

Solar Thermal Product Exporters in the World in Alphabetic Order

Total Records: 79

ATEliving Solar Technology Co., Ltd

Kuangbei Industry Area, Xingtai 054000, China
Telephone Number:    8603192069755
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Products:   Solar Energy, Solar Thermals, solar water heater, solar collector, water tank, heat pipe, workstation
Web Site:     http://www.ateliving.com
ATEliving solar technology technology Co., Ltd is one Chinese Solar Water heater manufacturer and Exporter. http://www.ateliving.com Skype: ateliving

Beijing CIB Solar Ltd.

Xueyan mansion B200A, 100084, China
Telephone Number:    +86-10-61592294
Facsimile Number:     +86-10-61596649
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Engineering
Products:   Evacuated Tube Collectors, Flat Plate Thermal Collectors, Solar Combined Heatings, Solar Space Heatings/Coolings, Solar Hot Water Heaters, contact us at skype: cib_solar.
Web Site:     http://www.cibsolar.com
ISO certified manufacturer of high quality evacuated tubes, including glass-metal heat pipe, efficient evacuated collectors, EU Keymark & AUS/NZ & SRCC certified.

Beijing Sanye Carbon Co., Ltd

Room 2008, Yuan Yang De Yi Apartment A, No.1 Guang Qu Men East Road, 100022, China
Telephone Number:    86-10-87757210
Facsimile Number:     86-10-87757213
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Products:   DIY/Educational Solar Panel Kits, Solar Photovoltaic Systems, Solar Hot Water Heaters
Web Site:     http://www.sanyecn.com.cn
SYG has worked closely with furnace manufacturers and furnace end users worldwide, providing the world's class carbon graphite materials being stable at high temperatures and self-lubricating. Based on furnace's workload and condition to lower the overall construction cost, we offer all kinds of Graphite Products.

Cixi City Rixing Electronics Co., Ltd.

Jietang Industrial Park,Tianyuan,Cixi City,Zhejiang Province,China, Ningbo 315325, China
Telephone Number:    86-18868673527
Facsimile Number:     86-0574-63456148
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Consulting
Products:   LED Lighting, Solar Photovoltaic Products, Solar Lightings, Solar Thermals
Web Site:     http://www.qjsolar.com
QJSOLAR is a high and new technology enterprise which is specialized in the research & development, manufacturing, sales and service of solar Crystalline Modules, system project and applied products. The key products of our company are solar Mono and Poly Silicon Modules using only very high efficiency solar cell with more than 17.5% conversion efficiency and quality grade "A+". The products are certified by the authoritative TUV,CE,UL and CEC , and are all exported to the international markets, such as Europe ,Australia and US. By adhering to the operation concept of “taking human beings as the most important, give priority to science and technology”, our company is persistently listing "make the enterprise prosperous through science and technology” on the top agenda and has established the technology R&D platform combining both independent development and cooperative development. This company specially established the R&D center constituted by several staff members with PhD and master degree, which is equipped with the first-rate R&D and experiment testing equipment so as to ensure its technology capability can keeping advanced in the industry.

Deray Gunes Kollektorleri A.S

3. Org. San. Bol. Ihsan Dede Cad. 13. SK. NO: 29, 42050, Turkey
Telephone Number:    +903322391570
Facsimile Number:     +903322391562
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Products:   Solar Pool Heatings, Solar Space Heatings/Coolings, Solar Hot Water Heaters
Web Site:     http://www.deryakollektor.com.tr
Derya Gunes Kollektorleri A.S. Is one of leading Turkish manufacturer and exporter of environmental solar water heater systems and components in Turkey. The range of our product line, good quality, and competitive prices have made us one of the fastest growing companies of its kind in Turkey.

ESOON COPORATION LTD

GULOU RD, SIJING TOWN, SHANGHAI 201601, China
Telephone Number:    0086 21 3352 0911
Facsimile Number:     0086 21 3352 0912
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Design
Products:   Large Wind Energys Systems, Small Wind Turbines, Solar Photovoltaic Products, Solar Lightings, Solar Thermals
Web Site:     http://www.esoon.biz
We are dealing with solar thermal production, solar PV production, LED lights. solar street lights and wind turbine. OEM and dealer are both available. any design or scheme and customized production are welcome. Our company is not very big, but we can handle the quality very well and control the average cost, meanwhile our person are all professional on the production and business.

EZINC METAL SAN. TIC. A.S.

OSB 23. Cd. No:31, Melikgazi 38070, Turkey
Telephone Number:    +90 352 3211321
Facsimile Number:     +90 352 3211325
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Design
Products:   Flat Plate Thermal Collectors, Passive Solar Energy Systems, Solar Thermals, Solar Hot Water Heaters, Solar Storage Tanks
Web Site:     http://www.ezinc.com.tr
Our company is one of the leading global manufacturers of highly efficient Solar Collectors and Hot Water Boilers and Storage Tanks. Their excellent price/performance ratio makes them stand out. High-quality, corrosion-resistant and tested materials ensure smooth operation over a long lifetime.

Green Life Inc.

C4, Arunachal Society,, Vadodara 390016, India
Telephone Number:    919898009712
Facsimile Number:     00 265 2392816
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Installation
Products:   Solar Energy, Solar Photovoltaic Products, Solar Lightings, Solar Thermals, Wind Energy
Web Site:     http://www.askgreenlife.com
Green life based in western India specialising in design & manufacturing of energy & water conservation solution. Our services are Photovoltaic based electric power management system. Process heating & cooling solution by solar thermal system. Hybrid power generation system. Water management system for recycling & conservation

GTC Solar(zhejiang green technology solar co., ltd)

101-10 Sunny Garden, Tongxiang, anji 313307, China
Telephone Number:    0086 572 5099000
Facsimile Number:     0086 572 5099444
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Products:   Heat Exchangers, Solar Thermals, Solar Hot Water Heaters
Web Site:     http://www.gtc-solar.com
gtc solar ( Zhejiang Green Technology Solar Co.,Ltd) is professionaly producing solar water heater ,solar collector , evcuumed tube solar hot water heater, solar heating sytem,etc. gtc solar system are widely installed for swimming pool, room heating, floor heating, green house planting, wool washing, hotel, scool, big mall, cars wasing and other high tempreture usage. more of our products see on w.gtc-solar.com

Guangqin Solar Co.,Ltd

No.6,Cuibao Road,West distict, Zhongshan city, Zhongshan 528400, China
Telephone Number:    +86-760-86231221
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   manufacturing
Products:   Solar Lightings, Solar Thermals
Web Site:     http://www.guangqinsolar.com
We are designer and manufacture of solar energy products, consisted of solar hot water system and solar lighting.most are CE approved and already export to European market and South America. welcome cooperations wordwide. OEM acceptable

Hefei Tianming New energy Source Technology Co.,Ltd

NO6 West Guanjing Road Maodian district, Hefei 230011, China
Telephone Number:    0086-551-4206588
Facsimile Number:     0086-551-7698859
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers, OEM, ODM
Services:   Installation
Products:   Solar Energy, Solar Lightings, Solar Thermals
Web Site:     http://www.sjsxny.com
We are Hefei Tianming New energy Source Technology Co.,Ltd in China We mainly produce vacuum tubes solar water heaters ,vacuum tubes solar collector,vacuum tubes solar heating,water tank etc Our vacuum tubes can reach minus 30 degrees and 80 degrees Asiding manufactuer,we also can provide designning,installation and after-sales service we have a strong research & development team Hope every friend from global earth to ask us!!

Jaysolar Systems

Bank More, Dhanbad 826001, India
Telephone Number:    +91 326 2300194
Facsimile Number:     +91 326 2300194
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers, Wholesale Distributors
Services:   Manufacturer
Products:   Solar Energy, Solar Photovoltaic Products, Solar Lightings, Solar Thermals
Web Site:     http://www.jaysolarsystems.in
WE ARE A JHARKHAND BASED COMPANY IN INDIA. WE MANUFACTURE SOLAR BASED PRODUCTS AS SOLAR LANTERNS, SOLAR HOMELIGHT SYSTEMS, SOLAR GEYSERS, SOLAR STREET LAMPS, SOLAR GARDEN LAMPS, SOLAR POWER PLANTS.

Jaysolar Systems

Bank More, Dhanbad 826001, India
Telephone Number:    +91 326 2300194
Facsimile Number:     +91 326 2300194
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers, Wholesale Distributors
Products:   Solar Energy, Solar Photovoltaic Products, Solar Lightings, Solar Thermals
Web Site:     http://www.jaysolarsystems.in
WE ARE BASED IN THE STATE OF JHARKHAND IN INDIA. WE ARE MANUFACTURER OF SOLAR LANTERNS, SOLAR HOMELIGHTS SYSTEMS, SOLAR GARDEN LIGHTS, SOLAR STREET LIGHTS, SOLAR GEYSERS & ALSO TAKE UP COMPLETE SOLAR POWER PLANT PROJECTS.

Jiangsu Huyang Soalr Energy CO., Ltd

No. 22 Muyang Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225126, China
Telephone Number:    +86 514 87960961
Facsimile Number:     +86 514 87960961
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Design, Engineering and project development
Products:   Evacuated Tube Collectors, Solar Pool Heatings, Solar Hot Water Heaters, Solar Storage Tanks, Solar Thermal Accessories, Air-Source Heat Pump
Web Site:     http://www.solarheatercompany.com
Founded in 1991, Jiangsu Huayang Solar Energy Co., Ltd. is one of the earliest and largest manufactures of all-glass evacuated tubes and solar water heaters. It is one of the National High-tech Enterprises and one of the first AAA grade enterprises in the industry. We obtained ISO9001 certification, CCC certification, CE certification and China Golden Solar certification. Our "HUAYANG" brand is awarded China Top Brand. Also we have been approved by Solar Keymark(EN12976). And SK(EN12975) & SRCC are in processing. We always put much emphasis on innovation and patent protection. Our main products are thermosiphon solar water heaters, compact pressurized solar water heaters and split solar water heaters. They are applied to various constructions. We also manufacture large solar water heating system products for various projects. We have established marketing network and a service system throughout China. Meanwhile, our products have been exported to more than 50 countries, such as Italy, Germany, Singapore, South Korea, USA and Brazil, etc.. We will continue to provide outstanding services all over the world by providing quality products at competitive prices and being responsive to solar market demands.

Jiangsu sunrain solar energy Co., Ltd

Ninghai industry zone, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China, Lianyungang 222000, China
Telephone Number:    86-518-8595-9809
Facsimile Number:     86-518-8595-9808
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Installation
Products:   Evacuated Tube Collectors, Flat Plate Thermal Collectors, Solar Space Heatings/Coolings, Solar Hot Water Heaters, Solar Storage Tanks, Solar water heater
Web Site:     http://en.sunrain.com/
China biggest solar wate heater manufacturer, annual output over 1 million solar water heater, China first and biggest solar water heater exporter, products had exported to over 100 countries and get very high appraisal. Now we have Solar Keymark, SRCC, CSA, Standard mark, CE certificate, different series solar water heater can satisfy your different requirements.

Kingeagle Solar Energy Industry Co., Ltd

No.1688 Jinqu Road, Jinhua City 321017, China
Telephone Number:    +86(579)8392-7758
Facsimile Number:     +86(579)8392-7550
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Products:   Evacuated Tube Collectors, Solar Combined Heatings, Solar Pool Heatings, Solar Hot Water Heaters, Solar Thermal Accessories
Web Site:     http://www.kingeaglesolar.com
Manufacturers & Exporters of vacuum tube solar water heater, heat pipe pressurized solar collector, low pressure solar geyser, solar boiler, solar water heating systems and solar hot water system Controller, etc.

Linuo Solar Thermal Group Co., Ltd

No. 30099, Jingshi East Road, Jinan 250103, China
Telephone Number:    +86 531 8872 9367
Facsimile Number:     +86 531 8872 9866
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Consulting
Products:   Evacuated Tube Collectors, Solar Pool Heatings, Solar Space Heatings/Coolings, Solar Hot Water Heaters, Solar Concentrating Thermal Systems
Web Site:     http://www.ln-solar.com
Leading supplier of solar energy in China. Linuo owns the complete solar thermal industrial chain. Solar evacuated tubes, heat pipe solar collector, solar water heat, and solar water heating system are our main products. Providing best quality, best products and best service is our philosophy.

MEVACO NORTH HELLAS S.A.

12th Km Old National Road Thessaloniki - Kilkis, Tennessee 570 22, Greece
Telephone Number:    +30 2310 784684
Facsimile Number:     +30 2310 783924
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Design
Products:   Flat Plate Thermal Collectors, Solar Pool Heatings, Solar Thermals, Solar Hot Water Heaters, Solar Storage Tanks, Solar boiler tanks up to 10000L, Solar thermosiphonic systems
Web Site:     http://www.mevaconh.gr

Ouraset Solar

Tansuğ Makina Ltd., Adana 01340, Turkey
Telephone Number:    +90 322 3464900
Facsimile Number:     +90 322 3465008
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Products:   Flat Plate Thermal Collectors, Roof Integrated Systems, Solar Energy, Solar Combined Heatings, Solar Thermals
Web Site:     http://www.ouraset.com
OURASET SOLAR is a major manufacturer and exporter of solar thermal panels and water tanks in Europe with sales to more than 30 countries across the world and offices and subsidiaries in Spain, Italy, Lebanon and Morocco. The product range includes innovative combined water and space heating system (SolarKombiset) in addition to the standard Force-circulated (Villaset) and Thermosyphonic (Asset & Ecoset) water heaters.

SERGUN SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEMS

YESILBAYIR MAH. ATATURK CAD. NO:47, ANTALYA 07070, Turkey
Telephone Number:    00 90 242 444 07 01
Facsimile Number:     00 90 242 443 11 90
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Products:   Solar Materials, Solar Thermals
Web Site:     http://www.sergun.com
We are one of the major manufacturer company from Turkey who established in 1984. We have total about 26.000 sqm. of 2 factories in Antalya - TURKEY. We are the only company in Turkey applying a model, who supplies directly to the end-users in our domestic market via our 22 branchs all over Turkey. We do have many of the necessary certificates like SOLAR KEYMARK, CE, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, ISO 10002, ISO 50000 which shows our capability to meet foreign markets’ quality needs. Beside these certificates, we are “UN-United Nations’ Official supplier”,we are awarded every year (since 2006) as “MOST TRUSTED QUALITY AMONG TRADEMARKS” & we are awarded every year (since 2009) as “EUROPEAN UNION QUALITY AWARD”. please do not hesitate to contact us in case of any questions.

Shandong Guangpu Solar Energy Project Co.,Ltd.

No. 156 South Shanguo Road, Tengzhou City, South Dakota 277500, China
Telephone Number:    86-632-5665199
Facsimile Number:     86-632-5665158
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Products:   Evacuated Tube Collectors, Solar Energy, Solar Space Heatings/Coolings, Solar Thermals, Solar Hot Water Heaters, solar water heater parts
Web Site:     http://www.guangpusolar.com.cn
we are a manufacturer of solar evacuated glass tube with more than 15 years' experience. we have 43 production lines with an annual capacity of 10 million tubes, which are of high quality. The out surface of the ineer tube is double coated with stainless steel, aluminum and copper when adopting the newest magnetron sputtering coating technology. This type of selective coating (SS-AlN/Cu) can withstand very high temperature. This is important because the tube is exposed in high temperature to evacuate the gas in the jacket between the inner tube and the outer tube. The solar energy absorption ability should be above 0.93. We only source from good manufacturers the best borosilicate glass 3.3 that is produced in China. It should have the ability to withstand high temperature and high pressure,as well as high sunlight transparancy which is above 0.91. The best material is the first step to produce products with highest quality. We are always paying not only more money but also great attention to this.

Shandong Linuo Photovoltaic Hi-Tech Co., Ltd

30099jingshi road, jinan 250103, China
Telephone Number:    0086 531 8872 9106
Facsimile Number:     0086 531 8872 9223
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers, solar thermal
Services:   Project Development, exporting
Products:   Solar Energy, Solar Photovoltaic Products, Solar Manufacturing Equipments, Solar Lightings, Solar Thermals, grid-connected system; off-grid system
Web Site:     http://www.linuopv.com
We are a leading and listed solar module and solar grid system, off-grid system supplier in China, our solar module's annual capability exceed 400MW, rewarded as the top 10 solar pv manufactuer in China, off-grid system and grid-connected system are exported to Europe, USA and Asia. and we are also the largest solar thermal manufacter in the world, 50million evacuated tubes are produced annually. We have established good relationship with many multinational companies worldwidely such as MEMC, SHOTT, SIEMENS etc. We could supply you the best quality product and service for you. We are pursuing cooperation with you in South Asia, please feel free to contact me.

Shenzhen Kezhao Solar Co.,Ltd

No.9-301 Huali industrial park, Xinhe Street,, Shenzhen 518000, China
Telephone Number:    ++86 755 61557033
Facsimile Number:     ++86 755 61557017
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Project Development
Products:   Alternative Power Systems, Solar Photovoltaic Products, Solar Thermals
Web Site:     http://www.kztyn.com
KZ solar a high tech enterprise, we supply: Solar water heating commercial project(solar & heat pump); domestic solar water heater, swimming pool water warmer, heat pump & air conditioning combined system, portable photovoltaic power station.we are an ISO9001:2008 and ISO14001 approved factory and the only authorised Class 1 plumbing company in China.We are a member of Chinese Solar chamber of commerce. We hope to build business relation with you, if you want to sell your products in China, we are also glad to be your dealer.

Solar Collector Inc.

Huangwan industrial park,haining,zhejiang province, Haining 314400, China
Telephone Number:    0573-87071077
Facsimile Number:     0573-87071077
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Clean Power Marketers
Products:   Solar Energy, Solar Manufacturing Equipments, Solar Thermals, Solar Hot Water Heaters, Solar Storage Tanks
Web Site:     http://www.solarcollectorinc.com
Solar Collector Inc. here! We are producing and supplying solar water heaters, solar collectors,solar vacuum tubes,heat pipe,water tank,accessories and so on. Factory in Zhejiang province,China and branch in CA.USA, we can offer our customers much lower Chinese price and best USA after-sale service.

Solar Panels 4U

Quinta Da Horta, Sao Bras Alportel, Portugal
Telephone Number:    00351 918250501
Business:   Exporters, Importers, Research and Development, Retailer, Site Survey and Assessments, Wholesale Distributors, architectural design services, maintenance and repair
Services:   Construction, Consulting, Contractors, Design, Education and Workshops, Engineering, Installation, Project Development
Products:   Alternative Power Systems, Batteries and Accessories, Electric Vehicles, Solar Energy, Solar Thermals
Web Site:     http://www.solarpanels4u.com

SOLARSHINE INDUSTRIAL LTD

No. 5, Xiapo Cun Industrial zone, Kengzi town, Pingshan new district, Shenzhen, China., Shenzhen, China
Telephone Number:    0086 755 84114281
Facsimile Number:     0086 755 84114282
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers, Research and Development
Products:   Flat Plate Thermal Collectors, Solar Hot Water Heaters, Solar Storage Tanks, Solar Thermal Accessories
Web Site:     http://www.solar-shine.com
SOLARSHINE INDUSTRIAL LTD. is a professional manufacturer and developer of solar hot water industry, we provide reliable, superior-design and cost-effective equipments and solutions for any kinds of solar water heating system, our main products and service include the following: Flat plate solar collectors Household solar hot water systems Solar hot water tanks Project solutions of solar water heating Any other assistant parts for solar water heating SOLARSHINE flat plate solar collectors use innovated design, advanced technology, and top-quality materials ensure the very best efficiency and long operating life up to 20 years, each collector is manufactured under very careful workmanship, rigorous manufacturing standard and quality control

Sungo Solar Energy Industries Co., Ltd

1/F , Main Building, No.686, Kai Fa Road, Development District, Guangzhou, 510730, China
Telephone Number:    +86-20-84067580
Facsimile Number:     +86-20-28852186
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Project Development
Products:   Evacuated Tube Collectors, Flat Plate Thermal Collectors, Geothermal Heat Pumps, Passive Solar Energy Systems, Solar Hot Water Heaters
Web Site:     http://www.solarscn.com
Sungo Solar is the leading producer and exporter of solar water heater, flat plate solar collector and vacuum tube based monobloc solar water heater. Our products enjoy enormous popularity in West asia, Africa and Latin America. Our products are best in terms of aesthetic, cost performance and heating efficiency. Don't hesitate and contact us now!

Sunhome New Energy Co.,Ltd

No.4 North Taihe Road,Houyu Town, Changzhou 213146, China
Telephone Number:    86 519 83680935
Facsimile Number:     86 519 83689920
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Installation
Products:   Solar Energy, Solar Thermals, Solar water heaters
Web Site:     http://www.sunhome.cn
Jiangsu Sunhome New Energy Co.,Ltd is one of the top professional manufactures in China since 1998. We engage in research,development and application of solar energy products. We are also an excellent exporter and have established long term relationships with many overseas customers. Sunhome products could perform under all weather conditions. Therefore, our products are sold to more than 76 countries and regions such as Europe, America, Australia, Africa and Southeast Asia, and so on. Our products are produced under advanced equipments with top raw materials. Full-time strict quality control covers all steps of the production process and make sure no finished goods with manufacturing fault.We provide timely after-sale service and solar water heater technology consultant. Sunhome closely follows the steps of the developed counties to research more high-tech solar products to meet the Environment-Friendly and energy-saving. Sunhome solar product has been produced according to European EN 12975 standards. And we have already been awarded ISO9001,ISO14001, CCC and CE certifications.

Tapan Solar Energy Pvt. Ltd.

SF-40, Cross River Mall, CBD Ground,, New Delhi 110032, India
Telephone Number:    +91-11-42111913
Facsimile Number:     +91-11-42111914
Business:   Exporters, Manufacturers
Services:   Engineering, Solar Power System
Products:   Solar Energy, Solar Photovoltaic Products, Solar Lightings, Solar Hot Water Heaters
Web Site:     http://www.elecssol.com
Tapan Solar Energy Pvt. Ltd is based at New Delhi, India, having experience in manufacturing of electrical products since last 30years,has diversified into manufacturing of Solar PV Modules with an annual capacity of 12MW to be expanded to 25MW by this year end. Our Manufacturing unit is based at Neemrana, Rajasthan, India (2hrs. from Delhi International Airport). We are ISO 9001:2008, TUV, IEC61215, 61730 certified company and passes through stringent quality checks under the skilled team of professionals with years of experience in Solar Industry. Our products are being marketed under the brand name ELECSSOL. (www.elecssol.com) Our company always believe to have transparency & honesty with our channel partners, associates for long term relation. “ELECSSOL” Product Range: 1. Solar Photovoltaic modules – 3W to 290W 2. Solar home Lighting system – LED Based system 3. DC Fan – Wall / Table 4. Solar LED 7W Tube Light, Solar LED 9W wall Light, Solar LED 5W bulb 5. SolarCharge Controller 6. Solar Water Heater 7. Off-Grid & On-grid project supply.

The Independent For Foreign Trade

92b ahmed orabi st. mohandseen, cairo 168dokki, Egypt
Telephone Number:    +202 33463338
Facsimile Number:     +202 33466443
Business:   Exporters, Importers
Services:   Engineering
Products:   Solar Energy, Solar Photovoltaic Products, Solar Lightings, Solar Thermals
Web Site:     http://www.iftegypt.net
Please note that these pages are meant strictly for informational purposes to those seeking retailers/wholesalers/manufacturers/providers of or information about renewable energy products and/or services. Inclusion or exclusion from these pages does not imply a recommendation or lack thereof by Posharp and/or its collaborator(s) for any particular company or organization. The information are collected from the Internet or input by companies.